How to Apply for British Citizenship by Naturalisation?

British citizenship by naturalisation is the most common way for adults to become a British citizen. It’s a comprehensive application that assesses your commitment to the UK and your integration into its society.

Core Eligibility Requirements: Are You Ready?

Before you even think about filling out forms, you need to ensure you meet the fundamental criteria. These are quite strict, so pay close attention:

1. Age and Capacity: You must be 18 years old or over and be of sound mind (have the mental capacity) to make the application.
2. Good Character: This is a broad requirement. The Home Office will look at your criminal record (both in the UK and overseas), your immigration history (any past breaches like overstaying or deception), and whether there’s anything else that would make you unsuitable to become a British citizen. Honesty is crucial here; non-disclosure of issues can lead to refusal.
3. Intention to Reside: You must demonstrate an intention to continue living in the UK.
4. Knowledge of English, Life in the UK (KOL):
   • English Language: You need to prove your English language ability at CEFR Level B1 (or higher) in speaking and listening. This is usually done by passing an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT). You might be exempt if you have a degree taught in English from an approved institution or are a national of a majority English-speaking country.
   • Life in the UK Test: This is a mandatory test covering British customs, traditions, history, and laws. You must pass this test. It’s a computer-based, multiple-choice exam, and you’ll need to get at least 75% correct. You can find information about the test and how to book it here: Life in the UK Test Information.

Residence Requirements: Have You Spent Enough Time?

This is often the most complex part of the application, as precise calculations are needed.

• General Requirement (for most applicants):

  • You must have lived in the UK for at least 5 years before the date of your application. This is known as the ‘residential qualifying period’.
  • During these 5 years, you must not have spent more than 450 days outside the UK.
  • In the 12 months immediately before your application, you must not have spent more than 90 days outside the UK.
  • You must hold Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) or settled status (e.g., under the EU Settlement Scheme) for at least 12 months before you apply for naturalisation. This means you generally need to have been free from immigration time limits for a year.

• If You’re Married to a British Citizen:

  • The residence requirements are slightly less stringent. You need to have lived in the UK for at least 3 years before the date of your application.
  • During these 3 years, you must not have spent more than 270 days outside the UK.
  • In the 12 months immediately before your application, you must not have spent more than 90 days outside the UK.
  • You don’t need to have held ILR for 12 months. As long as you have ILR (or settled status) at the time of your application, and meet all other criteria, you can apply.

• Counting Days: Be meticulously accurate when calculating your absences. Even a single day over the limit can lead to refusal. Use a spreadsheet or a dedicated tool to track every entry and exit.

The Application Process: Your Step-by-Step Guide

Once you’ve confirmed your eligibility, it’s time to apply!

Step 1: Gather Your Documents (Be Thorough!) This is vital for a successful application. You’ll need:

• Your current and previous passports (to show travel history).
• Your Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) or evidence of your digital status (eVisa).
• Proof of your English language ability (SELT certificate or degree).
• Your Life in the UK test pass notification.
• Proof of residence for the entire qualifying period (e.g., council tax bills, utility bills, bank statements, employment letters).
• Proof of your identity and good character (e.g., police registration certificate, if applicable).
• Marriage certificate (if applying as a spouse of a British citizen).
• Referee declarations (you’ll need two referees to confirm your identity and character).

Step 2: Complete the Online Application Form

• Head to the official UK government website for citizenship applications: Apply for British Citizenship.
• The form for naturalisation is called AN. Fill it out carefully and accurately. It’s quite detailed, so take your time and ensure all information is consistent with your documents.

Step 3: Pay the Application Fee

• The fee for naturalisation is a significant investment. As of April 9, 2025, the application fee for British Citizenship by naturalisation is £1,580. This fee is non-refundable if your application is refused.

Step 4: Provide Biometrics and Upload Documents

• After submitting your online form and paying the fee, you’ll be prompted to book an appointment at a UK Visa and Citizenship Application Services (UKVCAS) centre.
• At this appointment, your fingerprints and photograph will be taken. You will also typically upload all your supporting documents digitally before this appointment.

Step 5: Await a Decision

• Processing Times: Standard processing time for naturalisation applications can vary, but generally, it’s around 6 months. Some applications may take longer, especially if more detailed checks are required.
• Decision Notification: You’ll be informed of the decision by letter. If successful, you’ll receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony.

Step 6: Attend Your Citizenship Ceremony

• This is the final, symbolic step! You’ll attend a public or private ceremony where you make an oath of allegiance to the King and a pledge of loyalty to the UK.
• Once you’ve attended the ceremony, you’ll receive your Certificate of Naturalisation, officially making you a British citizen.

Important Considerations:

• Start Early: Begin gathering documents and calculating absences well in advance. Proving continuous residence over 3 or 5 years requires a lot of paperwork.
• Professional Advice: If your case is complex, or if you have any concerns about meeting the good character or residence requirements, it’s highly advisable to seek guidance from an OISC-regulated immigration adviser or solicitor. Their expertise can be invaluable.
• Losing Your Previous Nationality: Some countries do not allow dual nationality. If this applies to your country of origin, becoming a British citizen may mean you automatically lose your current nationality. Check your home country’s laws.

Becoming a British citizen by naturalisation is a significant achievement and a truly special moment. By understanding the requirements and carefully preparing your application, you can confidently take this final step towards fully embracing your life in the UK.